America's mythology
Leone, Eastwood, the Coens and Tarantino — the films that defined and then redefined the genre.
The western is America's mythology — a genre about law, lawlessness, land, and identity. Sergio Leone reinvented it in the 1960s by making it Italian and slowing everything down. The Coen Brothers proved with No Country for Old Men that the western could survive without horses. Tarantino used it to process American racial history.
The genre's best entries aren't just action films — they're moral frameworks, asking what a man owes to society and what society owes to the man with the gun. Hell or High Water is the most politically relevant western of the last decade. The Good, the Bad and the Ugly is still the most formally perfect. These are the films that defined and then redefined what a western can be.

1966

2007

1968

2012

1992

2010

2016

2015

1993

1969

2007

2015

2007

2015

2010

2017
The classic western is set on a frontier where law hasn't arrived yet. The neo-western moves the same questions into the present — a Texas highway instead of a dusty street, a truck instead of a horse. No Country for Old Men, Hell or High Water and Wind River all keep the moral architecture and drop the period costume.
Start with The Good, the Bad and the Ugly for the iconography, Unforgiven for the moral weight, and Hell or High Water if period settings put you off. Then go back to Once Upon a Time in the West with the sound turned up.
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Also see: Best crime films · Based on true stories · Movies like No Country · Movies like Django